| External Threads |
An external thread is a thread on the outside of a member. |
| Internal Threads |
An internal thread is a thread on the inside of a member. |
| Major Diameter |
The largest diameter of the thread of a screw or nut. |
| Minor Diameter |
The smallest diameter of the thread of a screw or nut. |
| Pitch Diameter |
On a straight screw thread, the diameter of an imaginary cylinder, the surface of which would pass through the threads at such points as to make equal the width of the threads and the width of the spaces cut by the surface of the cylinder.
On a taper screw thread, the diameter, at a given distance from a reference plane perpendicular to the axis of a imaginary cone, the surface of which would pass through the threads at such point as to make equal the width of the threads and the width of the spaces cut by the surface of the cone. |
| Pitch |
The distance from one point on a screw thread to a corresponding point on the next thread measured parallel to the axis. |
| Lead |
The distance a screw thread advances axially in one turn. On a single-thread screw the lead & pitch are identical; on a double-thread screw the lead is twice the pitch; on a triple thread screw the lead is three times the pitch, etc. |
| Angle of Thread |
The angle included between the sides of the thread measured in an axial plane. |
| Half Angle of Thread |
The angle included between the sides of the thread and the normal to the axis, measured in an axial plane. |
| Helix Angle |
The angle made by the helix, or conical spiral, of the thread at the pitch diameter with a plane perpendicular to the axis. |
| Crest |
The surface of the thread corresponding to the major diameter of the screw and the major diameter of the nut. |
| Root |
The surface of the thread corresponding to the minor diameter of the screw and the major diameter of the nut. |
| Side or Flank |
The surface of the thread which connects the crest to the root. |
| Axis of a Screw |
The longitudinal central line through the screw. |
| Base of Thread |
The bottom section of the thread; the greatest section between the two adjacent roots. |
| Depth of Thread |
The distance between the crest and the base of the thread measured normal to the axis. |
| Number of Threads |
Number of threads in one inch of length. |
| Thickness of Thread |
The distance between the adjacent sides of the thread measured along or parallel to the pitch line. |